The risks and the direction of China's reform

 The risks and the direction of China's reform
mm from Cuba about socialism and the socialist world, the new
(A to the the eve of a major earthquake in Wenchuan, the earthquake a week after the publication of the article, naturally should not cause concern. For my interview is issued with more than eight thousand words, although the publication may have been considerable, but limited space is still cut in half, especially the discussion of religious issues, it is well known reasons, was completely deleted. but taking into account the issues discussed in this paper for the importance of the current trend of China's reform, now published in full on the network, I think it is necessary. eleven Operated]
one, political leaders, clean government and reform of the likelihood of success
South are: Fidel. Fidel Castro himself said: the early '50s (his participation) students movement, the main anti-imperialist and anti-authoritarian revolutionary movement, ?
Operated: In the United States and the Soviet Union and other countries to suppress the context of support for Fidel. Fidel Castro is actually the first period of radical democrats turn to communism and more out of hand, a tool for rational consideration mm This is the shortcut to China's modernization, and work. Fidel. Fidel Castro is a Doctor of Laws, with a good understanding, so he was again in the direct promotion of revolutionary practice, through learning and thinking, and rational spirit of change to a wealthy Marxist believers.
South are: let the general public from using mobile phones, computers , DVD, to the idle state-owned land leased to farmers farming, totalitarian government has gradually introduced market area, in the process of empowering the people, do you think will eventually dividends, or will cause the effect of robbing the poor to the rich, and ultimately created from a number of privileged and thus endanger the Cuban Communist Party political control?
Operated: I think the conditions in Cuba, the reform is likely to wealth with the people bigger. because, in comparison with China, Cuba There are three particularly important reform favorable conditions:
First, politically, to date, the idealism of the Cuban leadership style of traditional and simple style is still maintained relatively good, clean high degree of relationship with the masses very close, the masses still enjoy a high prestige. The initial market reforms and political conditions, particularly conducive to the reform of wealth with the people, not deflected to the direction of the rich robbing the poor. Indeed, unchecked The power and the combination of market-oriented reforms, often bound to lead to the prevalence of corruption and the rise of the privileged class, which eventually led to the decline of party political control, and, if long-term can not be a democratic constitutional system, then the power of noble tradition of political ethics self-restraint can not withstand the temptation of trading power for money long-term erosion, however, this relatively strong tradition of political ethics is indeed possible in the reform and opening up to Cuba after a relatively long period of time to withstand such a serious erosion and, therefore, could make it to the deflection direction of robbing the poor to the rich before and after the reform and development of democratic constitutional government obtained the conditions, so that Cuba may not be through the corruption and collapse of the Ding Canyon Ethics Resource, which will no longer Uncle Lei Feng, a Chinese, it should be said that the Cuban Communist Party is relatively lucky.
Second, the social system, the Cuban-style do a very good system, it is also a big advantage. Cuba universal, comprehensive social security, taking almost the full cost of the State. For example, Cuba universal free medical care, any urban and rural residents, from small to more serious diseases, from registration to treatment, from surgery to hospital, as well as three meals a day and the necessities of life in hospital, all free treatment. In another example, from pre-school to college, all tuition, books by the state. nine-year compulsory education, students textbooks, pencils, exercise books, school bags, uniforms, boarding fees, meals during boarding, boarding school used bed sheets, quilts, towels, lunch and day students, but also all at public expense. Back in 2000, Cuba's education spending had accounted for 7.2% of GDP. As early as the mid-80s in the last century, Cuba had the social security system has achieved 100% coverage. Cuba in education, health and other aspects of some indicators has reached or exceeded the actual level of developed countries. Cuba achieved in the area of social security of these universally recognized achievements, but also the fruits of reform and opening it to more easily follow this with a strong public opinion and the legal system paths for all people share, not devour it for a few. Cuba is the main problem is the ownership structure and operating mechanism is still seriously hindered economic development of productive forces. If Raul Castro - Fidel Castro to solve this problem, Cuba is very There may be more successfully completed the combination of efficiency and equity of economic system, and therefore its political developments are also likely to be relatively stable. Cuba reforms in this area > Third, the ideology, the Cuban Communist Party and the Cuban people in general that social security, social welfare is mainly the superiority of socialism. This view not only the mainstream of the modern world view consistent with the socialist, but also with the market reform consistent with the basic direction. This makes the reform of Cuba in this regard resilience and relatively strong anti-risk ability.
In short, these subjective and objective conditions, the Cuban reform towards national prosperity generally more possible, Cuba reforms should also be greater than China's reform and anti-risk ability. But the Cuban leader did not seem to realize this, their reform movement also appears to be too cautious, despite a recent Raul seems to bring new hope. time will change everything. If you can not lose time for Cuba and economic operation mechanism of the ownership structure and other aspects of fundamental reform, then it holds the system still lacks the necessary guarantees and favorable conditions for economic basis, nor is it impossible to gradual loss of The.
South are: Western Cuba not been established, such as Cuba has more than ten years to open the National Party Congress, and you think the dead really charismatic leaders, faith and cause a power vacuum?
Operated: I think the charismatic leader would not necessarily result in dead faith and the power vacuum. The question is whether belief in reality, the power can benefit to the people effectively. Swedish long-term there is no dominated by the socialist party, is the proof. Cuba is the real question is whether we can achieve consistent with the development pattern of the contemporary world, the development direction and the national conditions of complete emancipation, can thus have constructed a relatively complete The nationality of the modern era and faith and doctrine, and thus the possibility of practical realization of the benefit of the people aspects of the organic unity of motive and effect. As long as Cuba can do this, it can be in their before and after the death of charismatic leaders to ; legal society democracy, religious believers to join the party and consumerism
South are: Mexican left-wing scholars Hinds. Dietrich said, most of Cuba's surplus received by the state only, state ownership by some as an ownership or other I do not know the name of ownership, it is difficult to avoid corruption and theft. reproduction of authoritarian governments in Latin America, this I think that, generally speaking, if the problem is economic democracy ; World War II residual value for the general public to enjoy instead, and to basically achieve personal consumption data of all citizens in the general area of prosperity, and by greatly expanding domestic demand and other channels and greatly improved the overall level of economic development. In this process, ; economic democracy, This is because, although Cuba is indeed most of the remaining value of the control by the state, and Cuba is really not much to speak of economic democracy, but overall, the Cuban government is indeed the ancient republican every effort to benefit the people They are indeed financial done kinds of Cuba is truly the key issue of democracy, nature is the ability to further the achievement of public policy in the field of freedom of expression. This is because the leaders passed away, the only implementation of a wider range of freedom of expression, airing, brainstorming, and listening to the next, less make mistakes, long-term stability in order to make up for lost wisdom of the leaders of the gap. is only to implement a wider range of freedom of expression, to make institutional interests of the long-term protection.
South are: Drastic Change in Vietnam, Laos, Cuba, and North Korea an important influence of socialist reform, these countries in the suspension of political reform on hold, but to focus on economic development. foreign socialist reform can do is to expand the Party's class base, social foundation and theoretical basis. such as Cuba, religion is not allowed to modify the the provisions of believers to join the party, as long as the support of the Cuban revolution, support the socialist, religious believers can apply to join the party, expanding the party's mass base. Up to now, the believers have joined the party to more than 2,000 people. According to our understanding of many people The move will result in the Communist regime of Cuba subversive influence, control a few years ago the Chinese Communist Party's Drastic Change is an important result because it is precisely not allow religious believers to join the party. Similarly, the Social Democratic Party led to an important cause of development and growth, is precisely what allows religious believers to join the party. This is because religious believers to join the party does not allow the direct political consequences is created between the Party and the potential of religious believers and political contradictions of political barriers. In this artificial political restrictions, the more religious believers, the more narrow the party's social base, the more party leaders anxious . the party of religious believers and political trust is not sufficient, that religious believers can not be sufficiently reliable comrades within the party, which in turn is bound to not fully trust in the political and psychological religious believers and political party formation of the corresponding barriers. party in the religious Act does not own party comrades and party organizations, religious believers are followers within the party do not own clan and religious leaders, which has made both in personnel and organization and there is no inherent intersection, the result will strengthen the more between the Party and the political division between religious believers and its implicit political contradictions. Under such a political situation, and if peace and prosperity, the two sides would naturally live in peace. and if a serious social conflicts, the ruling party's own shortcomings and show , as well as to the troubles, this potential political estrangement and political contradiction is likely to gradually expand, or even from estrangement, suspicion, conflict and move towards political confrontation and, ultimately, result in political upheaval. you do not trust people, people eventually will not trust you. you have the power of suspicion and exclusion, which is created by your opponents. Drastic Change a profound lesson, that is, this is it. Conversely, if you trust people in politics, people in the organization to accept your mass based on the expansion and consolidation of nature, your inner strength and organizational strength to strength, so your ability to resist risks will increase, and this is what the Western Social Democratic Party to be an important development and growth of successful experience. In this connection to said that Cuba accept religious believers to join the party, not only does not cause disruptive effects of its power, but also so that it can be consolidated and strengthened. This is the certain intrinsic identity of its.
reason why we always worry about the traditional religious believers to join the party will be accepted by the Communist Party of the Party and the subversive power caused by the impact of the actual Communist Party mainly because we become a first look ideology, organization, and not the first to define a political organization, but also because we have certain religious views bias. The liberation of the Cuban Communist Party's ideological, it is in here. Fidel. Fidel Castro pointed out: the Cuban Communist Party is a party, not a sect. It was very revolutionary, very religious, do not allow him to join the party? Politically speaking, religious services for the oppressors, but also services for the oppressed. Christian idea of equality, love, human dignity, which the Communists have the most advanced political, economic, and social consciousness are the same. from a strictly political sense, should not be denied that Christians can be a Marxist, but also with Marx Marxism, the Communist Party to change the world together. It is important that he should be sincere revolutionaries, determined to fight for a fair distribution of social wealth. the Cuban Communist Party also believes that Christians are not allowed to join the party provides, in essence, is a kind of political discrimination. Cuba is all People's Party is the only political party in Cuba. to allow Catholics to join the party in order to achieve the Constitution, the realization of the right of everyone to join the party, and therefore in order to realize social justice. should also be pointed out that the ancient Hindus were allowed to join the party after not cancel or change the Party's guiding ideology. In this way, Cuba to achieve a political balance between the two, and thus gained a great deal of political gains.
South are: the end of the Cold War, both in the Soviet Union, Eastern Europe, or in the community Eastern doctrine, even as a majority of socialist countries, but only Cuba is the only socialist country in the Western Hemisphere. And from the geopolitical point of view, lying still in the Gulf of Mexico and out of Cuba, the Caribbean throat, lie between the United States and South America. previous U.S. governments have sought to tame the Cuban revolutionary regime, but this American continent, a sea of capitalism, socialism is still driving in their own boat on the road. Recent Cuban Radio and Television Commission announced that Cubans could be 24 hours of new TV channels watching foreign programs. Raul Castro, b after taking office, promised to remove these restrictions on the most simple. In embracing capitalism, and information impact, why not worried about Raul, the Cuban people would be affected the beliefs of communism? He the self-confidence come from?
Operated: In fact, mainstream Western moral standards of television programs is not low, 24 hours a day to see how many questions I can not see. Our television stations, movie theaters showing the film so much of the West films, we do not have are quite good you say? people every day, television stations broadcast the news of Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama campaign, our television stations are always in the follow-up reports and what is it? the past we always used to posted what the Western trend also has a large extent, the development of socialism into the objective reality of the West. Now the West has become a real socialism and capitalism, the combination of a new society, and have sounded the death knell for Marx that the typical Capitalism has already perished. American scholar Daniel - Bell, said long ago, the mainstream of Western thought is the left-leaning cultural sector. went to the West to see Asians are likely to become left after the real is precisely this principle. in this Under the background of the Pan-socialism, the Cuban foreign programs even if the day to watch, it will not in general backward to capitalism. not only does not backward capitalism, but also learn from modern socialism, socialism and learn linked with capitalism, rather than a retreat to engage in individual and private economies to the 19th century. Raul root causes of self-confidence, is actually here. Raul at least in the theory of direct perception and intuition to grasp this point, although this does not necessarily mean that the level of basic theory he has a thorough grasp on to it.
South are: middle-class consumption patterns now sweeping the developed world, for countless people have an irresistible charm Cuban economic reform and open information is almost the same time, the only rely on the old moral authority and social beliefs, can effectively resist the erosion of consumerism? itself as a relatively vague ideology, socialist country, the party , country, society is highly overlap, the Cuban Communist Party Ethics also possible for innovation?
Operated: Due to constraints of resources and the environment, and now consumer awareness in developed countries has been squandered in a way in from the excessive consumerism turn environmentally friendly, economical and reasonable consumption of the process of a new concept. This new development trends suggest that the Cuban leaders opposed the idea of consumerism is a certain rationality, but this claim also has the the feasibility of a certain reality. But on the other hand, they talk about against consumerism, do not speak with a modern and reasonable consumption, obviously is not feasible. the people of a wide range of modern rational pursuit of actual consumption and this consumption is based on human nature great charm-based and, therefore, for any form of ideology, can not resist. deny and suppress the people's pursuit of this broad, certainly for the people of the negative, which is not feasible. face the reality, the Cuban leader against consumerism, based on the only established a new ethics, reality is certainly a new ethics of modern rational consumption. Cuba can do this, we do not know. We can confirm that neither the traditional consumerism road, or path of asceticism, the actual will not work. As for how the Earth's resources and environment of 60 billion people can live a moderate modern life, it depends on the future of mankind in the open source (especially scientific and technological progress), throttling how well the two.
Third, deliberative democracy, religious tolerance and political tolerance
South are: Although Raul is also in the political position of hardliners, but since he made Cuba should carry out the necessary structural change and ideas change after just two months time, Cuba, the whole country of 21 million times at the seminar, a total of more than 500 people attended, 322 people made a statement, made 1.3 million comments and suggestions. No matter how much this view was eventually accepted, so to be able to learn from the discussion itself?
Operated: In fact, the ancient common in developing and implementing major policy decisions before, often to carry out a national, multi-level discussions , often six or seven million people (Cuba is only 11 million population) to participate, this is one of its tradition. the past, to developing the tourism industry, national defense, education, medical field or not open to foreign investment and so on, have been All the great debate, and leaders of the mainstream views of the people is respected, which makes this expression of public opinion do not vote or have a referendum even more democratic than the function. But Cuba is a small country, China is very large country, This form of democracy in Cuba can apply to China, which still need research. democracy, both in the form of unity, but also diversity. China is now the Internet is actually a big Online comments, suggestions, now is the flapping canopy, the dazzling, bustling out. We are now further emancipate the mind, actually doing it. Therefore, we are no longer the main problem is that citizens can not be comments, suggestions, but to all the observations and recommendations made to the extent actually been adopted?
South are: According to had an intellectual understanding of the Cuban Communist Party's treatment of religious tolerance and political dissent?
Operated: First is a kind of socialist culture, and cultural diffusion process is the process of re-integration of different cultures, so they are bound to any culture in the dissemination of some changes in the process, but may still not completely traditional Wanlv contact, which makes the Cuban leader a better understanding of conditions the positive nature of religion, and religion to tolerance, appreciation of the attitudes and policies. Cuban culture romantic, bold, bright, love, tolerance, magnanimity temperament, which has made the Cuban Communist Party for political dissent have greater tolerance, much less under the ruthless hands of intellectuals. hh but Cuba has not only a both Marxism, which also embody the true nature of the Communists, and therefore all that we should seriously study and learn from.
South are: Venezuela and Cuba reached the Cuba 513 million barrels of discounted prices of crude oil, Cuba sent 30,000 medical doctors, coaches and teachers working in Venezuela. In addition to ally Hugo Chavez, Latin American countries have left leaders came to power in 2006, most of them are read Custer Lo grew up in the book. whether it is romantic revolutionary Che Guevara, or anti-American geopolitical needs of the reform will have left-wing Latin American countries, Cuba will have any effect?
Operated: I think the key lies in Cuba How many of the reforms has some qualities of universal significance, and how can this reform to what extent the success? the more such reforms in Cuba qualities, the more successful the greater its influence; the contrary, it effects will become. now is not to make such judgments, we have to keep looking.
four, the value of the universal law of socialism and the new socialist
South are: early 20th century, established the world the first socialist state after World War II a large number of socialist countries in Eastern Europe and Asia, the rise of the fifties and sixties .20 century, under the influence of the 苏共二十大, Hungary, Poland and Czechoslovakia the reform attempts have appeared in ; Poland, Hungary and events the logic of reform has been through in the late 20th century. into the 21st century, reform is a fundamental issue of life and death of socialism. how to understand the history behind the logic of socialist reform? logical continuation of this history, will in the world bring on the fate of socialism in which the effect?
Operated: I think that modern socialism is not to eliminate the premise of capitalism, socialism, socialist and capitalist but a combination of modern socialism. Marxist socialism is generally happy. In private ownership, market economy and the development of productive forces, based on the doctrine of happiness through the progressive introduction of universal primary distribution of national income and secondary distribution can be accomplished eventually most of the national income enjoyed by all citizens make changes directly to private ownership of most of the indirect public ownership, so that all citizens can realize the common areas of personal consumption data rich, so that we all live a happy life, and this is the reality that the feasibility of socialism the most powerful proof. < br> out of socialism is both a pursuit of value, but also must follow the universal laws of socialist development. take new road to socialism, which is to follow the universal law of development of modern socialism. over the past century the world has been the practice of socialism fully proved, and take the new road to socialism, it will succeed; departed from the new road to socialism, it is bound to fail. the Soviet model of fundamental error, the practical is that it deviates from the direction of development of socialism and the new roads and, therefore, is bound to fail.
Therefore, all the modern essence of socialist reform, lies out of the Soviet model, to the new socialism, regardless of what occurs in the process the left and right biased. Only by thoroughly out of Soviet model, extensive and thorough implementation of the combination of socialism and capitalism, and effectively to new socialism, can truly win the bright future of socialism, which is the universal law of development of modern socialism, it is also behind all the modern socialist reform The objective historical logic. Thus, in practice this historical logic of the unfolding and extension of the socialist cause will inevitably make the world an unprecedented new access to the great development.